Prefrontal Cortex

The prefrontal cortex (PFC) allows us to engage in what scientists call “cognitive control” (also known as “executive functioning”) and it is crucial for our sense of self. This video explains what the PFC is, why this brain region’s properties make it well suited to cognitive control and the sense of self, and how each of the subdivisions of the prefrontal cortex contributes to these functions. Includes interview clips with neuroscientists David Badre (Brown University), Gregory Hickok (UC Irvine), and Taylor Guthrie (University of Oregon).

Chapters:
00:00 The prefrontal cortex (PFC) allows us to engage in cognitive control (executive function) and the sense of self.
00:34 Prefrontal cortex in cognitive control according to David Badre
01:14 Prefrontal cortex location in the brain
02:11 Executive function
03:44 Dorsomedial prefrontal cortex and motivation deficits (DMPFC)
05:14 Anterior cingulate cortex, motivation, and prediction error signaling
05:56 Medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC)
06:45 Neuroscience of the self and the MPFC
07:44 Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (DLPFC)
08:04 Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex damage and perseveration
08:43 DLPFC damage (in verbal and visual reasoning)
11:11 DLPFC in working memory
12:01 Caudal-rostral PFC gradient in abstract rule representation
14:39 Ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC)
15:18 VMPFC connections
15:57 VMPFC in cognition and emotion
17:07 Patient EVR and the VMPFC
18:01 VMPFC damage and acquired sociopathy
18:54 The Iowa Gambling Task (IGT)
21:00 VMPFC and reversal learning tasks
22:09 The VMPFC and feelings
23:56 The VMPFC and empathy (from Behave by Robert Sapolsky)
25:12 VMPFC damage and ethical reasoning
28:04 Summary and caveats

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References:
On Task: How Our Brain Gets Things Done, By David Badre, 2020, Princeton University Press, ISBN: 9780691175553
Fellows, L. K. (2019). The functions of the frontal lobes: evidence from patients with focal brain damage. Handbook of clinical neurology, 163, 19-34.
Reber, J., & Tranel, D. (2019). Frontal lobe syndromes. Handbook of clinical neurology, 163, 147-164.
Menon, V., & D’Esposito, M. (2022). The role of PFC networks in cognitive control and executive function. Neuropsychopharmacology, 47(1), 90-103.
Friedman, N. P., & Robbins, T. W. (2022). The role of prefrontal cortex in cognitive control and executive function. Neuropsychopharmacology, 47(1), 72-89.
Parijat, P., & Bagga, S. (2014). Victor Vroom’s expectancy theory of motivation–An evaluation. International Research Journal of Business and Management, 7(9), 1-8.
Sapolsky, R. M. (2017). Behave: The biology of humans at our best and worst. Penguin.
Guthrie, T. (2020). Cognitive Neuroscience of Social Cognition - The Self. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aHIhj4dXkJU

All 3D brain Animations:
Copyright © Society for Neuroscience (2017). Users may copy images and text, but must provide attribution to the Society for Neuroscience if an image and/or text is transmitted to another party, or if an image and/or text is used or cited in User’s work.
https://www.brainfacts.org/3d-brain

FMRI Coordinate Brain Images: Neurosynth, Created and maintained by Tal Yarkoni (https://neurosynth.org/)

Brain Images:
VMPFC: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ventromedial_prefrontal_cortex.png
Precentral sulcus: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precentral_sulcus#/media/File:Precentral_sulcus.png
amygdala: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amygdala#/media/File:Amygdala.png

Music (free-stock-music.com):
okyo by | e s c p | https://escp-music.bandcamp.com
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Möbius Surface by | e s c p | https://escp-music.bandcamp.com
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Acoustic Folk Background Guitar | FOLK by Alex-Productions | https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCx0_M61F81Nfb-BRXE-SeVA
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Homesick Pluto by | e s c p | https://escp-music.bandcamp.com
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Steps On Clouds by | e s c p | https://escp-music.bandcamp.com
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Lights In Action by Artificial.Music | https://soundcloud.com/artificial-music
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Warm Wind by Vlad Gluschenko | https://soundcloud.com/vgl9
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Ocean Love by LiQWYD | https://www.liqwydmusic.com
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