Magnets are ubiquitous in life although you may not realise it. A magnet can be found on your fridge, in a speaker, engines, doors and more. The way these work varies in each application some what.
Some magnets are used to push or pull. Some create electricity. Others draw electricity. There are magnets used in medical devices. Some even just point in one direction, north.
If you were start studying magnets you would likely need to spend a semester at university so we are just touching the very tip o f the iceberg with this video.
This includes what a magnet is. Permanent magnets, nonmagnetic magnets and electromagnets. Each is used for different things. The first and last being the most common.
How you measure and describe a magnet. Particularly the magnetic field. That is the magnetic power as it is expressed in the area around itself.
This gets more complex when you have 2 magnets. They interact and it changes the magnetic field. This is not just two fields over lapping.
Two magnets are actually described by looking at them as a series of smaller magnets that interact with each other and the other big magnet.
This can be very is useful when you look at magnets, magnetic fields and electric currents. A magnet with a current passing through it can change how it works. This can cause the magnet to be better at it job in one direction but worse in the other.
Inversely you can make a magnet by running electricity through a wire. By running electricity through a coil of wire in one direction it makes a magnetic force. This force is only generate don the inside not the outside.
In fact this is how they measured the new kilogram. How much power is needed to overcome gravity via magnetism.
Even earth uses this phenomena. The molten iron core of earth creates a magnetic force through the generation of a current and the resulting magnetism. This is how you get north and why eventually the north pole flips with the south pole.
Relevant links:
Wikipedia magnetic field images
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VFPt_Solenoid_correct2.svg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Magnet0873.png
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/57/Magnet0873.png
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VFPt_dipole_electric.svg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VFPt_dipole_animation_magnetic.gif
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